2019年云南成考學(xué)位英語英漢互譯專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)資料(八)

　　1.When you speak and write，no law says you have to use big words.Short words are as good as long ones，and short，old words like sun and grass and home are best of all-A lot of small words can meet your needs with a strength，grace and charm that large words lack.

　　Big words can make the way dark for those who hear what you say and read what you write，while short words are bright，like sparks that glow in the night.

　　If along word says just what you want，do not fear to use it.But know that our language is rich in short words.Make them the spine and the heart of what you speak and write.Like loyal friends，they will not let you down.

　　答案：當(dāng)你說話或?qū)懽鲿r(shí)，沒有法則規(guī)定你一定要用大詞，因?yàn)樾≡~可以達(dá)到同樣的效果。很多小詞(如sun，grass，home等)是語言的精華。有許多小詞具有大詞無法比擬的威力和魅力，能夠滿足你的各種需要。

　　大詞能使你的聽眾或讀者不清楚你的意思，而短詞明亮，似黑夜中閃爍的火花。

　　如果一個(gè)長詞能恰如其分地表達(dá)思想，那就大膽地使用。但是要知道，我們的語言充滿了勁健有力、活潑敏捷的小詞。讓小詞成為你言談和文章的脊柱和心臟，宛如忠誠的朋友，它們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)使你失望。

　　2.Too frequently，students seem to take for granted their right，or even their access，to interviews and to jobs needed to begin their careers.Such optimism Can no longer be justified.Ten years ago，graduating students were warned that continued employment in one field for one company for one’S entire working life was increasingly becoming a thing of the past.Students could expect three or four career shifts.Today，many college or university graduates will never have the chance even to begin careers in their chosen fields.Others may find only part-time or contract work.The last decade has produced enormous changes in the way business and industry operate in North America，and in the ways in which people are employed.

　　答案：通常學(xué)生想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為他們有權(quán)接受(甚至是有機(jī)會(huì))面試、有權(quán)就業(yè)來開始他們的職業(yè)生涯。他們認(rèn)為這些都是理所當(dāng)然的。這種樂觀的想法已經(jīng)過時(shí)了。10年前，就有人警告大學(xué)畢業(yè)生要想終身在一家公司從事同一領(lǐng)域的工作已經(jīng)越來越不可能了。一個(gè)學(xué)生一生可能會(huì)換三至四次工作。而今許多大專院校畢業(yè)生將不會(huì)從事他們本專業(yè)的工作。有些人可能只能找到非全日工作或合同制工作。在過去的10年中，北美工商企業(yè)的運(yùn)營發(fā)生了巨大的變化，包括用人方式。

　　3.In many Western countries，a considerable number of parents have removed their children from school and are teaching them at home.Such children do all their normal lessons at home，often under the guidance of a parent.The first thing to consider is whether this is legal or not.In most countries it is，SO long as parents can prove that their children are receiving an adequate education，equal to that provided by their state educational system.the next consideration is whether the parents have the time，self-discipline，intelligence and patience to teach their own child week after week，day in and day out，for hours on end.Then there is the problem of wh Nat will be taught，and how.

　　答案：在很多西方國家，已有數(shù)量可觀的家長把孩子從學(xué)校帶回家自己教。這些孩子通常是在父親或母親的指導(dǎo)之下在家里進(jìn)修所有的正規(guī)課程。讓孩子在家上學(xué)首先需要考慮的是這樣做是否合法。在多數(shù)國家是合法的，只要家長能證明自己的孩子在家里受到合格的、與國家教育體制提供的質(zhì)量相當(dāng)?shù)慕逃纯伞＝酉聛硪紤]的是家長是否有時(shí)問、有自制力、有學(xué)識(shí)、有耐心，可以周復(fù)一周、日復(fù)一日地一連幾個(gè)小時(shí)教自己的孩子。然后的問題就是教什么、怎么教。

　　4.we all have strengths and weaknesses.A good manager concentrates on bringing out of each employee’s best side and combining those strengths so they complement each other.

　　Since no one Person can have all the skills needed to successfully operate any organization,we need to build your team in a way that makes use of these skills.That is no mall matter.

　　You must begin by knowing your team members.When you know people，you learn what motivates them and what de-motivates them.You learn how they interact with certain people and under certain conditions·You pay attention to their working style，how they get things done. Only with this kind of information can you get the most out of all people and merge their talents to get the most out of the team.

　　參考答案：每個(gè)人既有長處也有弱點(diǎn)。作為一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的管理者要重視發(fā)揮每一位員工的優(yōu)勢(shì)，并且將那些長處結(jié)合起來，使之起到互補(bǔ)作用。既然沒有一個(gè)人能擁有成功運(yùn)作一個(gè)公司所具備的全部技能，我們就需要塑造一個(gè)能將這些技能利用起來的團(tuán)隊(duì)。這絕非一件小事。你必須從了解員工做起。只有你了解了他們，才知道怎么能調(diào)動(dòng)他們的積極性，什么會(huì)挫傷他們的積極性。你會(huì)了解他們?cè)谀承l件下是如何與某些人交往的。你要關(guān)心他們的工作方式，以及他們是如何開展工作的。也只有獲取了這方面的信息，你才有可能做到人盡其才，并將他們的聰明才智結(jié)合在一起最大限度地發(fā)揮團(tuán)隊(duì)的整體優(yōu)勢(shì)。

　　5.Of course a certain amount of dependence on others is not only good, but necessary.Children must be dependent on their parents; and the weak must depend on the strong, and the sick on the well.And in a sense,all of us,even the most independent and self-reliant,are dependent on one another.At any rate, in civilized society, it is impossible for anyone to make all the thing she needs. No man can produce all the food and clothes he wants. He can only produce one or two things, and must get all the others by exchange or purchase from others, who are doing the same thing. So in a community everyone is dependent on the service of others,while he himself contributes to the needs of others.

　　答案：當(dāng)然我們有些事要依靠別人，這不僅是合理的，而且是必需的。孩子必須依靠父母，弱者必須依靠強(qiáng)者，病人必須依靠健康人。從某種意義上說，我們每個(gè)人，即使是最獨(dú)立的，自力更生的人也需要相互依靠。無論如何，在文明社會(huì)中，任何人都不可能生產(chǎn)出他所需要的一切東西。沒有人能生產(chǎn)出他所需要的全部食物和衣物，他只能生產(chǎn)一兩種東西，其他的東西都需要從別人處交換或購買，其他人也是一樣。因此，在社會(huì)中，每個(gè)人都依賴別人的服務(wù)，而他自己也為滿足別人所需作出貢獻(xiàn)。

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